Chemistry OBJ:
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1a)
Fermentation is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
1aii)
disastase
1b)
i)colour change
ii)end point
1c)
1mole
c=n/v=1.0moldm^-3
V=10cm^3=0.01dm^3
n=cv=1.0moldm^-3*0.01dm^3
n=0.01mol of H2SO4
x--->0.01mol of H2SO4
x=56*0.01/1 = 0.56g
mass unreacted = (5-0.56)g=4.44g
1di)
copper (ii) tetraoxsulphate(iv)
1dii)
dyes
1e)
A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical by swinging it's activation every.
1f)
i) CH3CooH + NH3 ---->CH3CooH2 + H2O
ii) Ethanoamide
1g)
i)It doesn't corrode easily.
ii)it doesn't react with contain inside.
iiii)It can stand for a long period of time.
1h)
i)Sweet production industries
ii)perfume industries.
1i)
i)evaporation
ii)seeding
1j)
i)it increases the volume water in ocean and seas.
ii)It causes increase in rainfall and also corrode painted
(2ai)
Collision theory states that the rate of a reaction depends on the rate of collision of the reactant molecules. Hence effective collision determines the rate of the reaction because it is the collision that leads to the formation of a product.
(2aii)
When the rate of collision increases, the rate at which molecules collide with each other will also increase thereby making the kinetic energy of the molecules to also increase. The temperature will also increase because temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy.
(2bi)
Draw your diagram
(2bii)
C2H5OH + 3O2 ---->2CO2 + 3H2O
1mole of ethanol = 3moles of O2
2.5moles of ethanol will require 3 × 2.5/1 = 7.5moles of O2.
but 1 mole of gas = 22.4dm3
7.5moles = 7.5 × 22.4 = 168dm3 of O2.
(2Ci)
Esterification is the formation of an Ester by the reaction between Alkanol and an acid.
(2cii) Two uses of alkanols
(i) They are used as solvents for cellulose
(ii) They are uses in making perfumes and cosmetics.
(iii) They are used for quick drying of paints and nail varnishes.
(2ciii)
Sodium Ethanoate
(2di)
Tin
(2dii )
This is because the galvanized plate is corrosion-resistant. It has a protective coating which prevents further oxidation of the metal.
4aii)
Na2SO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)----->2Nacl(aq)+H2O(s)+SO2(q)
4aiii)
dry the gas evolved by passing it through H2SO4 and collect it by downward delivery
4aiv)
because it is denser than air
4bi)
Dalton's law of partial pressure states that in a mixture of gases, which do not react chemically together, a gas will exert a partial pressure, which is the pressure, it will exert if it is kept alone in the vessel.
4bii)
T1=12degree = 285k
P1=690mm Hg
V1=30cm^3
T2=273k
P2=760mmhg
V2=?
Using the general gas law
V1P1/T1 = V2P2/T2
V2=30*690*273/285*760
V2=261cm^3
V2=26cm^3
4ci)
Cl2(q)+H2O(i)------>HCL(aq)+HOCL(aq)
4cii)
litmus turn red because of the presence of the acid HCL
4di)
chlorine bromine iodine/increasing boiling point
4dii)
because water has two(2)ion pairs of electrons as compared to ammonia which has one
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